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<text id=90TT1696>
<title>
June 25, 1990: Medical Progress -- Live! On CNN!
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
June 25, 1990 Who Gives A Hoot?
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
ETHICS, Page 50
Medical Progress--Live! On CNN!
</hdr>
<body>
<p>An experimental AIDS treatment tests the judgment of journalists
</p>
<p> AIDS patients who tuned in last Thursday to Cable News
Network and several other TV news shows had reason to feel
excited. Reporting live from Atlanta Hospital, a CNN
correspondent described an operation in progress aimed at
ridding a 37-year-old man, identified only as "Tony," of AIDS
by heating his blood to 108 degrees F. Heightening the drama
was the presence on camera of Carl Crawford, 33, an AIDS
patient who had received the same treatment four months ago and
whose symptoms had apparently disappeared.
</p>
<p> But there were some warning signals to alert the wary.
First, results from the experimental procedure, performed by
Drs. William Logan and Kenneth Alonso, had not yet been
reviewed by other professionals or published in any medical
journal. Crawford and Tony were the only patients who had ever
undergone the blood-heating treatment. That is not a large
enough group to draw any conclusions, and it is too soon to
tell whether Tony will get better or worse. Finally, as CNN
duly reported, Atlanta Hospital is on the verge of being shut
down by the state of Georgia unless the facility can refute
charges (unrelated to the Logan-Alonso experiment) that
patients there have received poor care.
</p>
<p> What is a TV viewer, particularly one who has AIDS, to make
of this story? Is the treatment a miracle cure? Or is it a
mirage that cruelly raises the hopes of AIDS sufferers--the
medical equivalent of cold fusion? No one, and certainly not
journalists, can know the answers. The case illustrates the
press's growing lack of restraint in medical coverage,
especially where AIDS is concerned. CNN called the treatment
"experimental and controversial," but by leading off newscasts
with the story and cutting to the hospital for frequent live
reports, the network was in effect trumpeting the blood-heating
procedure as a major development. That outraged many medical
experts. "This is turning a life-and-death issue into a media
circus. Frankly, it makes me sick to my stomach," said Dr.
Bernard Bihari, a New York City physician who has conducted
trials of experimental AIDS drugs.
</p>
<p> The work done by Logan, a retired heart surgeon, and Alonso,
a professor of pathology at Atlanta's Morehouse Medical School,
started as an effort to treat Kaposi's sarcoma, a cancer common
in AIDS patients that produces severe skin lesions. The doctors
thought that heating a patient's blood might combat the cancer
and possibly even kill the AIDS virus. During the procedure,
called hyperthermia, blood is drawn from a vein in the groin,
heated in a water bath and continuously recirculated into the
body. In little more than an hour, the body's temperature
reaches 108 degrees F, and it is kept there for an additional
two hours. Crawford came through the operation with no ill
effects, as did Tony--so far. Logan and Alonso were careful
not to call their treatment a cure for AIDS. Said Logan at a
press conference: "It may not be the total answer. We're not
expecting that really."
</p>
<p> But last month Alonso thought the treatment was worth
mentioning to WXIA-TV, Atlanta's NBC and CNN affiliate, which
carried the story on May 25. Five days later, CNN broke the
news nationally. Since then, it has been reported, sometimes
skeptically, on local TV news shows around the U.S. and in such
newspapers as the Boston Globe, the San Francisco Chronicle and
the Los Angeles Times.
</p>
<p> Only a few months ago, according to Crawford and his
doctors, his body was covered with Kaposi's sarcoma lesions,
but after the hyperthermia treatment, the sores vanished.
Moreover, the doctors claim that his blood tests negative for
the AIDS virus. In one of the early CNN reports, Crawford
praised his "wonderful doctors. They can't say I'm cured, of
course, you know, but I feel that I am cured. I really do."
</p>
<p> It is possible that Crawford was in fact helped by the
treatment. Or it could be that he experienced an unexplained
remission, perhaps aided by his new hopeful attitude. That is
known as the placebo effect, and it has been observed in
patients with many kinds of diseases, including AIDS. Dr.
Sharilyn Stanley, an AIDS researcher at the National Institutes
of Health, expressed doubts that hyperthermia could work. She
cited studies showing that the AIDS virus can survive at
temperatures up to 133 degrees F. Even if the virus has somehow
been eradicated from Crawford's blood, it could still be in his
bone marrow or other tissue and may re-emerge.
</p>
<p> The motives of Logan, Alonso and Atlanta Hospital are open
to question. The small private institution has lined up three
or four more AIDS patients for the treatment and plans to
charge them $30,000 each. (The doctors have set up a foundation
to subsidize patients who cannot pay the full amount.) But
Logan and Alonso will have to find another place to work unless
the hospital can thwart the move to revoke its license to
operate. The state is investigating two recent deaths in the
operating room.
</p>
<p> CNN defends its coverage of the blood-heating experiment.
Said Steve Haworth, director of public relations: "We are
making it very clear in our coverage how unproven [the
procedure] is...We made it clear that only the patient
himself was calling it a cure." Asked if the frequent live
reporting from the hospital tended to hype the story, Haworth
replied, "It depends on what is going on. We had no other
breaking story during the day."
</p>
<p> On the air, the network noted that Tony had learned about
the operation because of CNN's reporting. His treatment came
soon after Janet Adkins committed suicide using a machine
publicized on the Donahue show. If people are relying on TV to
help them make life-and-death medical decisions, they are
asking for big trouble.
</p>
<p>By Charles P. Alexander. Reported by Tom Curry/Atlanta and
Andrew Purvis/New York.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>